There have been many efforts, over nearly four years, to hold Donald J. Trump accountable for the attack on the Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021, but almost all of them have been stymied in the end by failure or delay.

There is, however, one endeavor that is still alive and moving forward, albeit somewhat gingerly: a suite of eight civil lawsuits, accusing Mr. Trump of inciting his supporters to storm the Capitol on Jan. 6.

The lawsuits, all of which are being heard in Federal District Court in Washington, were largely brought by police officers and members of Congress who claim they were harmed when a mob of Mr. Trump’s supporters broke into the Capitol on Jan. 6, disrupting the certification of the 2020 election. The suits, which have also implicated several members of far-right groups like the Proud Boys and the Oath Keepers, have all been consolidated for the moment in front of Judge Amit P. Mehta, who has handled several criminal cases related to the riot.

The suits accuse Mr. Trump of conspiracy to violate civil rights, incitement to riot, battery, assault, disorderly conduct and infliction of emotional distress, among other things.

The cases are not criminal, but if they end up at trial, they could result not only in financial damages imposed on Mr. Trump, but also in the public airing of evidence about Jan. 6 that has not taken place — and may never — in the context of his dismissed or delayed criminal trials.

“I believe these eight cases remain the only matters in which plaintiffs are seeking both damages from President Trump and to hold him accountable for his role in the events of Jan. 6,” said Joseph Sellers, one of the plaintiffs’ lawyers who filed the first of the cases in February 2021.

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